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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution based on natural selection is the unifying force of modern biology. It ties together disciplines as diverse as genetics, microbiology, and palaeontology. The study of evolution can be controversial, and the misinformation that is generated can cause confusion about its fundamentals. This website helps to clarify essential concepts. What is Evolution? The current understanding of evolution is based on the gradual change that occurs within populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection. This is a process that increases the number organisms with beneficial traits, which help them to thrive and reproduce in particular environments. 에볼루션게이밍 that have these traits produce more offspring as a result of their positive characteristics. This could cause a genetic change that may eventually lead to the creation of new species. The term “evolution” is frequently associated with the idea of “survival of the strongest,” which means that people who are most well-adapted to a particular set of environmental conditions will be more successful than those who aren't adapted to the environment. In reality, this is only one of the many ways that evolution could occur. Another popular way to use the term “evolution” is to suggest that a species are able to move from one stage to the next. This type of view of evolution could be described as anagenetic, or cladogenesis. The scientific definition of evolution does not support this view. The theory of evolution that is based on science changes focuses on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result mutations that produce natural selection and genetic variation. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who backed this view. Others, such as Alfred Russel Wallace, who developed the theory of macroevolution believed that this was the only way the higher forms of life could be derived from lower ones. To be able to be called a theory, it has to be capable of standing up to rigorous tests and evidence. The evidence for evolution has stood the test of time and has been backed by numerous studies in various sciences, from geology to biology to astronomy. Evolution is the foundation of science and is supported by a majority of scientists across the world. However, many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution, particularly how it is related to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Theory)? Evolution is an explanation for the way living things change over time. It is based on a range of well-established and observable facts: that more offspring are often produced than could possibly survive and that individuals differ from each other in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that distinct traits confer varying rates of survival and reproduction; and that traits can be passed down to future generations. These observations are supported by a growing amount of evidence derived from molecular biology, palaeontology climatology functional morphology geology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was conceived independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century as an explanation for how organisms adapt to their biological and physical environments. It is today the most supported and widely-tested theory in the field of science. Its predictions were proved by the fact that for instance, more complex organisms are less susceptible to genetic mutations. The more successful an organism becomes in terms of surviving and reproducing the more likely it is to transfer its genes to future generations. Some people are against evolution because they believe it implies that there is no meaning to life. Many scientists who are religious like Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014) believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and can even be enhanced by it. In fact, a large number of highly skilled evolutionary biologists, including a few who are revered evangelical Christian leaders are involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these scientists have contributed to the understanding of a vast variety of phenomena like phylogenetics, genomics, and the development and role of fossils. The term “theory” is often used to refer to an assumption or speculation however it actually refers to a scientific idea that has been rigorously developed and tested over time. Scientists test their theories by repeating the experiments or observations that led to them. Therefore, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly proven out as have the corresponding theories of Copernican, atomic and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is the gradual shift over time in the percentage of genetically distinct individuals within a certain species. This is the result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are better adapted for their environment. The individuals who are more adaptable have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. As more people survive and reproduce their genes become more prevalent in the population. This process is sometimes referred to as “survival for the strongest.” According to the theory of evolution, the mutations that produce genomic variation are the primary material of evolutionary change. These mutations can occur at random, or under the influence of the environment. When mutations occur at random and occur in a random manner, the frequency of the allele may vary from generation to generation. If a mutation is beneficial it will increase the frequency of alleles which causes the allele to spread throughout the population. Changes in the frequency of alleles can lead to new species as time passes. The new species can then develop further and evolve into newer forms. This process is called macroevolution. The formation of new species is typically a result of changes in the environment which make certain resources available or creates new environmental problems. The development of finches in the Galapagos Islands, for example, is due to the availability of fresh food and the necessity to defend themselves from predators. In a larger sense it is any change that takes place in the characteristics of living organisms over time. The change could be small, such as the development of a new coloration or large, such as the development of a brand new organ. Scientists who accept the theory of evolution generally recognize the importance of genetic change in the process that causes evolution. They also agree that the process of evolution takes place over a long time, typically millions of years. They differ in the importance of various factors that can accelerate or slow down the process. For instance the role of sexual selection, environmental pressures and mutation bias. Despite these differences, most scientists believe that evolution has occurred and that the evidence for this is overwhelming. What evidence do we have to support evolution? Throughout the years since Darwin's time, scientists have gathered evidence that supports Darwin's theory of evolution. Some of this evidence comes from fossils, which show the changing characteristics of organisms through time. Another evidence comes from similarities among living organisms, embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The evolutionary tree is the best way to prove evolution. It shows how different species are closely related. Another evidence source is homologous structures, which have a similar structure in different species but have distinct functions such as the wings of birds and bats. The fact that different species develop and adapt to a similar environment is another sign of evolution. For instance, arctic-foxes and ptarmigans grow seasonal white pelts to blend into snow and ice. This is a type of convergent evolution that suggests that the species have common ancestral ancestors. Another source of evidence is the existence of vestigial structures. These are unused organs that could serve a purpose in a distant ancestor. For example the human appendix may be an oblique reminder of an organ used to digest food. Natural selection is a process that causes the structures to shrink when they are no longer utilized. Scientists have also gathered additional evidence of evolution through observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be grouped into six distinct categories: changes that can be observed at small scales biogeographic distributions and comparative anatomies fossil records and genetics. Each of these provides compelling evidence that evolution of life has occurred. While many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution it is an empirical fact. It isn't simply a flimsy theory. It is a potent collection of decades of observations and data that has been tested and proven. No matter what people believe or deny about the theory of evolution scientists continue to study and collect new data to better understand the history of life on Earth. This information will help scientists to better understand how to avoid future global catastrophes, and how to best utilize the resources of our planet. It will also enable us to better serve the needs of the people on this planet.